- Pitcairn Islands
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Introduction ::Pitcairn IslandsBackground:Pitcairn Island was discovered in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Pitcairn was the first Pacific island to become a British colony (in 1838) and today remains the last vestige of that empire in the South Pacific. Outmigration, primarily to New Zealand, has thinned the population from a peak of 233 in 1937 to less than 50 today.Geography ::Pitcairn IslandsLocation:Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New ZealandGeographic coordinates:25 04 S, 130 06 WArea:total: 47 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 234land: 47 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmArea - comparative:about three tenths the size of Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:51 kmMaritime claims:territorial sea: 3 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmClimate:tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)Terrain:rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffsElevation extremes:lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mhighest point: Big Ridge 347 mNatural resources:miro trees (used for handicrafts), fishnote: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshoreLand use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2011)Irrigated land:NANatural hazards:typhoons (especially November to March)Environment - current issues:deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)Geography - note:Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshorePeople and Society ::Pitcairn IslandsNationality:noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)adjective: Pitcairn IslanderEthnic groups:descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wivesLanguages:English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)Religions:Seventh-Day Adventist 100%Population:48 (July 2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 239Population growth rate:0% (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 195Urbanization:urban population: 0% of total population (2010)rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)Sex ratio:NAInfant mortality rate:total: NAmale: NAfemale: NALife expectancy at birth:total population: NAmale: NAfemale: NATotal fertility rate:NAHIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:NAHIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:NAHIV/AIDS - deaths:NALiteracy:NAGovernment ::Pitcairn IslandsCountry name:conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islandsconventional short form: Pitcairn IslandsDependency status:overseas territory of the UKGovernment type:NACapital:name: Adamstowngeographic coordinates: 25 04 S, 130 05 Wtime difference: UTC-9 (4 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)Administrative divisions:none (overseas territory of the UK)Independence:none (overseas territory of the UK)National holiday:Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)Constitution:The Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, effective 4 March 2010Legal system:local island by-lawsSuffrage:18 years of age; universal with three years residencyExecutive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Victoria M. TREADELL (since May 2010); Commissioner (nonresident) Leslie JAQUES (since September 2003) serves as liaison between the governor and the Island Councilhead of government: Mayor and Chairman of the Island Council Mike WARREN (since 1 January 2008)cabinet: NA(For more information visit the World Leaders website )elections: the monarchy is hereditary; governor and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor elected by popular vote for a three-year term; election last held in December 2010 (next to be held in December 2013)election results: Mike WARREN reelected mayor and chairman of the Island CouncilLegislative branch:unicameral Island Council (11 seats; mayor, deputy mayor, 4 members elected by popular vote, 1 member appointed by the governor, 3 ex officio members including governor, deputy governor, and commissioner; deputy mayor and elected members serve two-year terms)elections: last held on 24 December 2012 (next to be held on 24 December 2014)election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - 4 independentsJudicial branch:highest court(s): Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice (ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges)note - appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London); note 2: the Court of Appeal was established in 2000 by an Order in Counciljudge selection and term of office: all judges of both courts appointed by the governor of the Pitcairn Islands on the instructions of the Queen of England through the Secretary of State; all judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 75subordinate courts: Magistrate's CourtPolitical parties and leaders:nonePolitical pressure groups and leaders:noneInternational organization participation:SPC, UPUDiplomatic representation in the US:none (overseas territory of the UK)Diplomatic representation from the US:none (overseas territory of the UK)Flag description:blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the green, yellow, and blue of the shield represents the island rising from the ocean; the green field features a yellow anchor surmounted by a bible (both the anchor and the bible were items found on the HMS Bounty); sitting on the crest is a Pitcairn Island wheelbarrow from which springs a slip of miro (a local plant)National anthem:name: ""We From Pitcairn Island""lyrics/music: unknown/Frederick M. LEHMANnote: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, ""God Save the Queen"" is official (see United Kingdom)Economy ::Pitcairn IslandsEconomy - overview:The inhabitants of this tiny isolated economy exist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships.GDP (purchasing power parity):$NAAgriculture - products:honey; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fishIndustries:postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honeyLabor force:15 (2004)country comparison to the world: 233Labor force - by occupation:note: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishingBudget:revenues: $746,000expenditures: $1.028 million (FY04/05)Fiscal year:1 April - 31 MarchExports:$NAExports - commodities:fruits, vegetables, curios, stampsImports:$NAImports - commodities:fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffsExchange rates:New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -1.2334 (2012)1.263 (2011)1.3874 (2010)1.6002 (2009)1.4151 (2008)Communications ::Pitcairn IslandsTelephone system:general assessment: satellite phone servicesdomestic: domestic communication via radio (CB)international: country code - 872; satellite earth station - 1 (Inmarsat)Internet country code:.pnInternet hosts:26 (2012)country comparison to the world: 217Transportation ::Pitcairn IslandsPorts and terminals:Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)Military ::Pitcairn IslandsMilitary - note:defense is the responsibility of the UKTransnational Issues ::Pitcairn IslandsDisputes - international:none"
The World Factbook. 2014.